Pain Management

Opioid safety requires clinical intelligence — not just documentation.

Intersect on FHIR™ delivers a complete pain management clinical decision support module — CDC 2022 guideline-aligned MME calculation, benzodiazepine interaction alerts, risk stratification, and naloxone co-prescribing recommendations — built natively on FHIR R6 and active at the point of prescribing.

80K+
Opioid overdose deaths annually in the United States — the majority involving prescription opioids
90 MME
CDC 2022 threshold above which risk of overdose death increases substantially — requires active clinical justification
CDC 2022
Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids — the standard our CDS module implements
CDS Module Operational Today
MME Calculation & Alerts Benzo+Opioid Interaction Flag Naloxone Co-Prescribing Urine Drug Screen Tracking Risk Stratification

Active alerts. At the point of prescribing.

The Intersect pain management module generates structured CDS alerts aligned to the CDC 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids — surfaced to the prescriber before the order is placed, not after the fact.

Critical Alert

Daily MME ≥ 90 mg/day

CDC recommends avoiding or carefully justifying doses at or above 90 MME/day. The platform calculates total daily MME across all active opioid prescriptions in real time and triggers this alert automatically, with a recommendation to consider tapering to the lowest effective dose.

Source: CDC Guideline 2022
Critical Alert

Concurrent Benzodiazepine + Opioid Use

Concurrent prescribing of benzodiazepines and opioids significantly increases risk of fatal overdose. The platform detects overlapping active prescriptions across both drug classes and flags this combination for immediate clinical review, regardless of which prescriber ordered each medication.

Source: CDC Guideline 2022 — FDA Black Box Warning
Warning

Daily MME 50–89 mg/day — Caution Threshold

CDC recommends reassessing the risk-benefit balance when approaching 50 MME/day and considering non-opioid or non-pharmacologic alternatives. This alert prompts the prescriber to document clinical justification for continued dosing at this level.

Source: CDC Guideline 2022
Warning

Naloxone Co-Prescribing Recommended

For patients on ≥50 MME/day, concurrent benzodiazepine use, or with a history of substance use disorder, the platform recommends naloxone co-prescribing. The alert checks whether naloxone is already on the active medication list before triggering.

Source: CDC Guideline 2022
Monitor

Urine Drug Screen Overdue

For patients on long-term opioid therapy, the platform tracks the date of the last urine drug screen. If no UDS is on record, or the most recent screen is more than 90 days old, the prescriber is alerted with the number of days elapsed since the last test.

Source: CDC Guideline 2022
Monitor

Depression & Anxiety Risk Flags

PHQ-9 scores of 10 or above and GAD-7 scores of 10 or above are surfaced as risk factors in the pain management summary. Patients with PHQ-9 ≥20 or GAD-7 ≥15 are flagged as high severity. Suicide risk indicators are also tracked from the active conditions list.

Source: CDC Guideline 2022 — AHRQ Pain Management Guidelines

Real-time morphine milligram equivalent calculation.

Total daily MME is calculated automatically across all active opioid prescriptions using CDC 2022 conversion factors — not estimated or approximated. Every prescriber caring for the patient sees the same calculated total.

Daily MME Risk Threshold Visualization
0 MME 50 MME — Caution 90 MME — Critical 120+
Below 50 MME — Standard monitoring, reassess at follow-up
50–89 MME — Warning alert, non-opioid alternatives prompted
≥90 MME — Critical alert, tapering recommendation generated
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CDC 2022 Conversion Factors

MME is calculated using the official CDC 2022 opioid conversion factors — not approximations. Oxycodone, hydrocodone, morphine, fentanyl, methadone, and all other scheduled opioids are converted at their published equivalency ratios.

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Cross-Prescriber Visibility

Total MME is calculated across all active prescriptions regardless of which provider wrote each one. A patient receiving opioids from both a pain specialist and a primary care physician will have their combined total surfaced to every prescriber in the platform.

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FHIR R6 MedicationRequest Resources

All calculations are derived from structured FHIR R6 MedicationRequest resources — not free-text notes. Dosage, frequency, and route are structured fields, enabling accurate automated calculation without manual data entry.

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Longitudinal Tracking

MME history is tracked over time, enabling the care team to see trends in opioid dosing across a patient's record — not just a point-in-time snapshot. Tapering progress is visible longitudinally.

Five structured clinical sections. One integrated view.

The Intersect pain management summary organizes the complete clinical picture for a pain management patient into five structured sections — drawing from FHIR resources across the patient record, not from manual data entry.

Section 1 — Pertinent Medical History

Active and historical pain-related conditions

  • Active pain diagnoses — chronic pain, fibromyalgia, neuropathy, back pain
  • Comorbid conditions relevant to pain management
  • Historical pain conditions with onset and resolution dates
  • Substance use disorder history — automatically flagged as risk factor
  • All sourced from FHIR R6 Condition resources

Section 2 — Pain Assessments

Structured scoring and validated instruments

  • Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) — pain intensity 0–10
  • PEG Scale — Pain, Enjoyment of life, General activity
  • PHQ-9 depression scores with severity thresholds
  • GAD-7 anxiety scores with high-severity flagging
  • Urine drug screen results with days-since-last tracking

Section 3 — Current & Historical Treatments

Opioids, non-opioids, and non-pharmacologic care

  • Active opioid medications with real-time MME calculation
  • Non-opioid medications — NSAIDs, gabapentinoids, muscle relaxants
  • Benzodiazepine co-prescribing detection across all prescribers
  • Non-pharmacologic treatments — PT, chiropractic, CBT, acupuncture
  • Historical and discontinued pain medications with dates

Section 4 — Risk Factors for Opioid-Related Harms

Stratified by severity — high, moderate, low

  • Depression and anxiety — auto-detected from PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores
  • Substance use disorder history — flagged from Condition resources
  • Suicide risk indicators — drawn from active conditions
  • Pregnancy status — high-severity flag when present
  • Opioid Risk Tool (ORT) score integration

Section 5 — CDS Alerts

Active clinical decision support — CDC 2022 aligned, generated at the point of prescribing

  • MME ≥90 — critical threshold exceeded, tapering recommended
  • MME 50–89 — caution threshold, non-opioid alternatives prompted
  • Concurrent benzodiazepine and opioid detection — fatal overdose risk
  • Naloxone co-prescribing recommendation with active med list check
  • Urine drug screen overdue with days-elapsed calculation
  • PHQ-9 and GAD-7 threshold breaches with severity grading

The combinations that matter most — flagged automatically.

The platform detects high-risk drug combinations across all active prescriptions, regardless of which provider wrote each order. Cross-prescriber visibility is built into the platform architecture.

Drug Combination Risk Level CDC / FDA Guidance Platform Action
Opioid + Benzodiazepine Critical FDA Black Box Warning — concurrent use substantially increases risk of fatal overdose Immediate alert to prescriber; both medications flagged in treatment section
Opioid ≥90 MME/day Critical CDC 2022 — avoid or carefully justify; tapering to lowest effective dose recommended Critical MME alert with tapering recommendation; longitudinal MME trend visible
Opioid + Substance Use Disorder History Critical CDC 2022 — high risk for opioid-related harm; naloxone co-prescribing strongly recommended Risk factor flagged at high severity; naloxone alert triggered automatically
Opioid 50–89 MME/day Warning CDC 2022 — reassess risk-benefit; consider non-opioid alternatives Warning alert with non-opioid alternatives prompt; documentation of clinical justification recommended
Opioid + Active Depression (PHQ-9 ≥10) Warning CDC 2022 — mental health comorbidities increase risk of opioid-related harm Depression risk factor surfaced at moderate or high severity based on PHQ-9 score
Long-term Opioid — No Recent UDS Monitor CDC 2022 — periodic urine drug screening recommended for all patients on long-term opioid therapy UDS overdue alert with days-since-last calculation; prompts ordering of drug screen

Monitoring chronic pain patients between the visits that count.

Chronic pain patients require ongoing monitoring between clinical visits. Intersect RPM extends the care team's reach — tracking vital signs, pain levels, and medication adherence continuously, with automated alerts when thresholds are crossed.

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Vital Sign Monitoring

Continuous monitoring of vital signs for chronic pain patients, including patients on high-dose opioids where respiratory status and sedation risk require active surveillance.

  • Blood pressure and heart rate via FDA-cleared Bluetooth cuff
  • Oxygen saturation — respiratory depression monitoring
  • Temperature and weight trending
  • All readings stored as FHIR R6 Observation resources
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Pain Level & Symptom Tracking

Patients report pain levels, functional status, and symptom burden between visits via the mobile app — providing the care team with longitudinal pain data rather than a single point-in-time rating at the clinic visit.

  • Daily pain NRS scores captured via patient app
  • Functional activity impact — PEG scale components
  • Side effect and symptom reporting between visits
  • Trend visualization in provider dashboard
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Medication Adherence

For patients on complex pain medication regimens, the mobile app delivers structured reminders and adherence tracking — supporting both therapeutic compliance and safety monitoring.

  • Scheduled medication reminders with dosage confirmation
  • Oral medication adherence tracking
  • Missed dose alerts to care team
  • Tapering schedule reminders and progress tracking
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Hub-and-Spoke Pain Management

For rural patients who travel significant distances to pain management specialists, the Intersect telehealth and RPM model brings the specialist visit to the patient — reducing travel burden and improving care continuity.

  • Telehealth pain management consultations — no patient travel required
  • RPM data reviewed by specialist during virtual visit
  • Critical Access Hospital integration — spoke sites supported
  • Secure care team messaging for between-visit concerns

Bring CDC-aligned CDS to your pain management program.

Whether you are a Critical Access Hospital seeking to improve opioid prescribing safety or an academic medical center looking to standardize pain management CDS across a large network, Intersect on FHIR™ delivers the infrastructure. Let’s talk about your specific environment.

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Opioid safety starts at the point of prescribing.

See how Intersect on FHIR™ surfaces CDC-aligned alerts, calculates real-time MME, and keeps every prescriber informed — before the order is placed.

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